Showing posts with label Wines of North Greece. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Wines of North Greece. Show all posts

Thursday, December 15, 2016

2016 Blog year in review and 2017 prospects

This past year I continued to build a body of work, with an especial focus on Greek and Italian wines and wine history. I have also begun an effort to further improve the cohesivness and accessibility of the blog content.

North Greece
The early part of the year was devoted to detailing the story of the North Greece wine region using data collected during an EWBC pre-Conference trip sponsored by Wines of North Greece. At the conclusion of the series the reader would have been cognizant of the environment, the wines, and the issues that market players confront as they strive to make quality wine as well as improve the standing of Greek wine on the world market while confronting strong headwinds at home. The individual posts produced as a result of that trip and subsequent efforts are shown below.
Italy
The Italian campaign rolled out on a number of fronts. First, I visited Sicily and, with the leadership and direction of the most connected man on the island -- Brandon Tokash -- was able to meet, amd spend quality time with, some of the leading winemakers in broader Sicily and Mt Etna. Combining that primary material with secondary data from Nesto and di Savino's The World of Sicilian Wine resulted in a number of high quality posts on the regional landscape, wine infrastructure, and wines.

I also paid a visit to Umbria and the highlight of that trip was a visit and tasting at Paolo Bea.

Another angle of attack in the Italian campaign was participation in, and reporting on, themed tastings of significant Italian wines organized by Antonio Galloni and Vinous and held in both London and New York. In many of the cases the winemaker was also in attendance at the event. These tastings allowed deep historical perspectives on the wines of Gianfranco Soldera, Vietti Rocche di Castiglione, Bartolo Mascarello, Ornellaia, and Masseto. And my efforts did not only focus on the actual wines tasted. If I had not previously profiled the winery or the region associated with the producer, I did so prior to publishing the post on the tasting.

Unfortunately for Piemonte, this year the region has been in the news for reasons other than its great wines. Sometime in August it was announced that the Vietti family had sold its winery and vineyard holdings to an American company named Krause Holdings. This news caused an uproar among Barolo fans. I had sat next to Luca at the Galloni Vietti tasting and had visited the estate a few weeks later as part of the launch of Suzanne Hoffman's Labor of Love. I wrote a couple of relevant posts following the announcement, one looking at the implications of the sale for the broader Barolo region and the other looking at the practical implications for Krause holdings of being in control of both the Vietti and Enrico Serafino (an earlier purchase) properties. Some of the fears I had voiced in the first post on the broader implications will be validated if a rumored purchase of Roberto Voerzio by LVMH does come to fruition.

The History of Terroir
In his sweeping treatment of ancient versus modern wines (Inventing Wine), Paul Lukacs identified the seminal terroir events in France as the demarcation of the Burgundy vineyards by the Cistercian monks beginning in 1098 and the AOC system implemented in the early 20th century. But this apparent terroir desert misses the true formative period -- as well as the ups and downs -- of this concept, beginning during the Renaissance and continuing for two centuries thereafter. A period and history that is detailed in Thomas Parker's Tasting Terroir: The History of an Idea. I summarized Parker's history in a number of blog posts and further summarize the effort in the timeline below.


Book Reviews
I read a number of excellent wine books during the course of the year but only reviewed three of them on the site.

Suzanne Mustacich's Thirsty Dragon is the War and Peace of wine literature. I had to read it twice in order to tease out the many threads and fully internalize and embrace the story that it related. It is a tour de force, throughly researched and impeccably sourced with 40 pages of chapter-specific notes and an index; but the fullest potential is unrealized. That being said, the reporting and analysis contained within the book are exceptional. The epilogue, titled Shangri La, is an especially cogent and insightful piece of analysis.

While a lot of attention, as regards Piemontese winemaking, has revolved around the battle of the modernists versus traditionalists, or the Burgundization of Barolo, the region has also been undergoing an under-reported transformation: the rise of women into the wineries' leadership ranks. And it is this under-explored story that Suzanne Hoffmann captures, and tells effectively and empathetically, in her initial publication Labor of Love: Wine Family Women of Piemonte.

The World of Sicilian Wine (Bill Nesto MW and Frances di Savino, University of California Press(UCP)) is simply the best region-specific wine book I have ever read. It is comprehensive, detailed, informative, well-structured, revealing, and an ode to research well done. In addition, the writing style makes it easy to read and comprehend -- traits not equally shared by all books issuing from UCP.

Blog Organization and Futures
As shown in the bulletized material regarding North Greece above, I have begun a process of tightly tieing all posts to a region. This allows for a more cogent presentation of the material as well as providing me with a road map of uncovered areas. I have begun to do this with all new posts and will go back during the course of the next year, to painstakingly allocate each of my past posts to its appropriate slot(s).

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This has been a personally rewarding year. I hope that you have derived some value from my musings. I hope to continue along the same path during the course of the upcoming year: learning new things and sharing them with you.






©Wine -- Mise en abyme

Sunday, January 31, 2016

The wines of North Greece

The North Greece wine region has a highly favorable environment for growing high quality grapes and producing similarly endowed wines but may be offsetting these advantages through the sheer number of different wines produced.

The 11 wineries we visited during our tour of the region produce approximately 118 different wines, an average of 10.7 wines/producer. Kir-Yianni is top of the heap with 22 wines and Kitvrs the smallest with four wines. The distribution of wines by type is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Wine production by type
Style Number of Wines
White
40
Red
59
Rosé
8
Sparkling
3
Sweet
3

The chart below shows the appellation system guiding wine production and labeling in Greece. Directly below the chart, Table 2 documents the appellation zones under which the North Greece wines encountered fall.


Table 2. Wine production by appellation zone
PDO Zone Number of Wines PGI Zone Number of Wines Appellation by Tradition Number of Wines Other Number of Wines
Naoussa
11
Macedonia (R)
16
Retsina
3
Other
2
Amyndeon
5
Pangeon (A)
11




Slopes of Meliton
5
Epanomi (A)
10




Rapsani
3
Imathia (D)
10




Goumenissa
2
Halkidiki (D)
7






Drama (D)
7






Mount Athos (A)
5






Sithonia (A)
4






Pieria (D)
4






Metsovo (A)
3












The PGI wines in the table are differentiated by the letters R (regional classification), D (district classification -- grapes must be grown in the district and vinified in the district or a neighboring district), and A (area classification -- designated geographic area within a district or contiguous area of two districts with specific variety and wine production requirements). In the event that a producer cannot meet the area or district PGI requirements, the PGI Macedonia designation is available as a fallback. As shown in the table, this is the most frequently utilized of the available appellation options.

The distribution of wines by type is shown in Table 3 below. The table shows that, for both the white and red wines, almost as many blends are produced as are single-variety wines. And, as Table 4 below shows, there is very little agreement among the winemakers of the region as to the most appropriate blends. As a matter of fact, and as pointed out by Stellios Boutaris of Kir-Yianni, this is very much a brand-driven market environment; the focus, therefore would be more on differentiation than on regional profile.

Two other observations made by Stellios Boutaris (and borne out by my observations) were that (i) Greeks love Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc blends and (ii) the North Greece white wines are much better than the reds. As regards the former, and if we assume that wine production reflects market demand, four of the wines encountered were 100% Sauvignon Blancs, five were Assyrtiko/Sauvignon Blanc blends, and three were Sauvignon Blanc/Roditis blends. The latter point was supported by the multitude of wines that we tasted.

A final point about the data in Tables 3 and 4. In terms of the whites, Table 3 shows 17 blends while Table 4 shows a total of eight wines with similar blends. This means that there are an additional eight unique white blends in the data set. Again, brand-driven rather than region-driven winemaking.

Table 3. Distribution of wines by variety/blend
White Number of Wines Red Number of Wines Rosé Number of Wines Sparkling Number of Wines Sweet Number of Wines
Malagouzia
6
Xinomavro
21
Syrah
1
Debina
1
Gewurtz
1
Assyrtiko
4
Syrah
5
Xinomavro
1
Blend
1
Blend
1
Sauvignon Blanc
4
Cabernet Sauvignon
4
Blends
2




Chardonnay
3
Merlot
3






Atheri
1
Pinot Noir
2






Roditis
1
Tannat
1






Verdicchio
1
Negro Amaro
1






Viognier
1
Limnio
1






Blends
17
Traminer
1








Aglianico
1








Blends
29








Table 4. Frequency of blends with incidence greater than one
White Blends Number of Wines Red Blends Number of Wines
Assyrtiko/Sauvignon Blanc
5
Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon/Agiorgitiko
3
Sauvignon Blanc/Roditis
3
Limnio/Cabernet Sauvignon
3


Syrah/Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon/Xinomavro
3


Xinomavro/Krassato/Stavroto
3


Syrah/Xinomavro
2


Xinomavro/Negoska
2

White Wines
In terms of the white wines, I was most impressed by the Malagouzias, the Assyrtikos, and the Retsinas. The Malagouzias from Alpha Estate, Geravassiliou, Wine Art Estate, and Kitvrs were redolent with white flowers, white fruits, and spice. In addition, the Geravassiliou wine had citrus notes, a green savoriness, and a drying finish. I had an additional opportunity to experience the Alpha Estate Malagouzia at a tasting I helmed in Orlando upon my return and the wine maintained its allure.


The Assyrtikos encountered in North Greece were fruitier and had less mineral and acidity characteristics than their Santorini counterparts. I think that this variety, under the proper conditions, and with the proper winemaking, can be a winner for the region. I tasted tank- and barrel fermented samples at Wine Art Estate and found the former to have complex tropical notes, riper fruit, and less minerality than the wines of Santorini while the latter had toast notes and a harmonic combination of fruit and oak. I was more tolerant of oak in the North Greece Assyrtiko than I am with it in a Santorini Assyrtiko.

I have written previously about my love affair with the Stelios Kechris Retsinas.

In terms of international-variety whites, I was impressed by the 2014 Viognier (excellent minted Viognier, according to my notes), the Verdicchio from Kitvrs (every offering from this winery hit it out of the park in my view), and the Chardonnay from Wine Art Estate. The latter had the stuffing and fundamentals to be a world-class Chardonnay but the oak levels diminished its potential (As a matter of fact that was the case for many of the fine wines in this portfolio and I did mention my observations directly to the winemaker.).

Red Wines
There is an ongoing concerted attempt to present Xinomavro as the face of North Greece red wines and it took a little while for me to get it. At 2014 DWCC, Ted Lelekas and Luiz Alberto presented a seminar on the wines of North Greece and I left the session not feeling the urge to add the wines to my collection. And it was nothing that the guys did. The wine just did not appeal to me. The tomato vegetal character and hint of a mid-palate were somewhat off-putting.

That feeling persisted on this tour until I tasted the 2005 Ramnista at Kir-Yianni and the 2008 Ramnista and the 2007 Boutari 1879 Legacy at the Wine Commanders Master Class at the Plovdiv DWCC. The 2008 Ramnista exhibited ripe fruit, truffles and a kerosene character. Red fruit on the palate with a mid-palate that raised its hand. According to the Wine Commanders, Kir-Yianni use clones that allow greater ripening of fruit (less vegetal character).

According to the Wine Commanders, the year 2007 was a "ripe vintage year" and the the 1879 Legacy reflected this with rich, ripe cherry fruit along with tar, licorice, earth, truffles and spice. And a mid-palate.

What this told me is that Xinomavro, like Barolo and Pinot Noir, for example, shows best after it has had an opportunity to evolve in the bottle. The problem with that is that the trend today is towards wines that are more approachable. One of the ways in which Brunello di Montalcino has solved this problem is by releasing a Rosso early and then holding the Brunello back for a later release. I do not know if Greek vintners have the wherewithal to embark on such a strategy, or some other strategy with a similar outcome, but some mechanism has to be devised where wine drinkers get more exposure to earlier vintages of this wine.


One of my favorite red wines on the trip was the Chateau Porto Carras from Domaine Porto Carras. I was fortunate enough to get a few bottles of this wine to bring back to the states and I offered it at the Orlando tasting I mentioned previously and my fellow tasters were similarly impressed. I am currently in the process of buying a case of selected library vintages of this wine which will be shipped from Domaine Porto Carras to Seabrook in London for trans-shipment to me here in the US.


The international red varieties from Wine Art Estate and Kitvrs were notable. Kitvrs' Syrah and Aglianico were both eye-openers even though tasted at the end of a long day while, but for the oak, I would be placing Wine Art Estate offerings even higher on my list of wines to acquire. The Nebbiolo in the portfolio exhibits all the classic characters of the variety along with a perfumed cassis, nutmeg and a stemminess. The attack left a bit to be desired but yielded to an excellent mid-palate and a long, elegant finish.

I started out by saying that there are too many different wines produced in North Greece. And I will end on that note. For a regional profile to emerge, winemakers will have to focus on fewer things and get really good at the things that they are focusing on. This is not to say that excellent wines are not being made in North Greece. What I am saying is that more of the product coming out of the region will be of uniformly higher quality if a smaller number of varieties became mainstays and production techniques and approaches were honed, standardized, and shared. A regional character would begin to emerge. Rising regions lift all members.


©Wine -- Mise en abyme